浙南沿海羊栖菜繁殖生物学的初步研究

本文研究了羊栖菜的有性生殖和营养繁殖。前者包括生殖托的发生、精卵的排放及合子的发育与环境因子的关系。后者主要为定株观察假根再生芽的发生。本研究为羊栖菜的人工育苗和资源保护提供了科学依据。     

羊栖菜Sargasum_fusiforme原生质体的分离和培养

本研究多次获得原生质体，明确了酶解原生质体的内在因素与外在条件，诸如酶溶剂的种类及浓度，酶及组成，酶解温度及ｐＨ，采种藻时间及取用部位。分离的原生质体经初步培养，发现少数２分裂，最好的有成６分裂的细胞团，但尚未成株。研究结果为扩大培养打下了良好的基础。此外，还报道了用海洋细菌酶解的试验及意义     

鼠尾藻有性繁育及人工育苗技术的初步研究

对鼠尾藻有性繁育规律进行观察、研究。鼠尾藻雌、雄异株,在黄海北部其生殖季节是7月上中旬,高光照和升温可促进精卵成熟,鼠尾藻在海区和室内都可正常完成受精。干露1~2h能促进幼孢子体生长,幼孢子体在实验范围的光照强度(1000~4000lx)下,光照越强生长越快;在试验盐度(21~40)范围内均可正常生长。在此基础上建立起了鼠尾藻人工苗种繁育技术,并对鼠尾藻有性繁育技术中存在的问题及今后研究的方向进行了分析。     

鼠尾藻有性繁殖和幼孢子体发育的形态学观察

野外跟踪观测烟台芦洋湾地区鼠尾藻的成熟繁殖状况,采集临近成熟的鼠尾藻至实验室培养,跟踪观测其卵子的排放、卵子和受精卵的发育、假根的生长以及幼孢子体的前期发育。试验结果表明,本地区鼠尾藻繁殖期集中在6—8月,鼠尾藻的卵子发育属8核1卵型,卵子受精后约20 h开始脱离生殖托,受精卵先连续进行2次的横分裂,而后再由一端的1个细胞发育成假根,另外2个发育成体细胞。幼孢子体在约2 mm时开始形成分枝突起。     

鼠尾藻的生物学特性及筏式养殖技术研究

报道了鼠尾藻的生物学特性及人工筏式养殖技术。经106天的筏式养殖，藻体平均长度从5.5cm长到79.1cm；每绳重量从860g长到3500g，而对照组只长到1750g。试验组每667m^2产值约6000元。     

Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species in Yoro,western Wakasa Bay,Sea of Japan

ABSTRACT:   Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species was investigated in Yoro, western Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan. The Sargassaceae species were collected at a depth of 2.0–2.5 m and subjected to stratified clipping for 13 months. Annual net production was estimated at 2407 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum patens , 2132 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum macrocarpum , 1458 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum siliquastrum , 1197 g dry wt/m² for Myagropsis myagroides , and 1471 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum piluliferum . The ratio of annual net production to maximum biomass (P/B_max) for these species ranged between 1.3 and 1.7, being higher than in previous studies which used the same method. Winter storms with strong wave exposure and relatively calm condition in Yoro were considered to augment P/B_max. The total losses estimated from the different units of stratified clipping were compared. If larger and less segregated units were applied, the total loss would decrease. It was suggested that a 50 cm stratum would be applicable to the larger species (3 m or longer) and a stratum of 20 cm or less would be applicable to mid-sized or smaller species (less than 3 m).     

羊栖菜马尾藻光合作用与水温、光强的关系

羊栖菜马尾藻在不同水温、光强下，光合作用各有其明显的规律性，有适宜的水温和光强范围。光合作用的适宜水温约为１５－２５℃，而以２０℃为最适水温。光饱和产争光合速度随水温２０，１５，２５，１０℃依次降低。根据测定结果，本文对其在羊栖菜马尾藻生产上的合理应用，促使养殖技术和产量的提高，进行了探讨。     

The abundance of juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) near the Kuroshio: the roles of drifting seaweed and regional hydrography

We assess the effect of drifting seaweed (Sargassum sp.) biomass, geography and hydrography on juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) abundance variation off the southeast coast of Japan, near the Kuroshio Current. The amount of drifting seaweed mats progressively increased northeastward into the cooler, coastal waters. Frontal structure indexed using a station‐to‐station ΔSST did not explain spatial variation in the seaweed mat distribution, although the western extent of the Kuroshio Current appeared to act as a boundary. Juvenile yellowtail constituted 51–62% of the fish collected in association with drifting seaweed mats in April 1996 and 1997 and 29% in June 1996. The abundance of juvenile yellowtail was positively correlated with seaweed biomass. The geographic distribution of juvenile yellowtail associated with drifting mats varied among sampling periods, being more southwesterly in April and more northeasterly in June. Simple multiple regression models based on seaweed biomass and geographic distribution (latitude) explained between 35% and 43% of the variation in juvenile yellowtail abundance in spring. Associations with spatial and temporal variations in hydrographic conditions did not contribute to explained variation in a meaningful manner. The results presented here indicate that, off the southeast coast of Japan during April, yellowtail juveniles are likely to be most abundant when seaweed biomass is high, occur offshore, and are bounded by the western extent of the Kuroshio Current near the 19–20°C SST isotherm.     

基于转录组数据的铜藻微卫星标记开发与验证

根据铜藻转录组测序数据来进行微卫星标记的发掘,共获得2 800个微卫星位点。二碱基重复出现的次数最多,占32.82%,其次是三碱基重复,占25.21%;在所有重复单元类型中,AC/GT出现频率最高,占9.18%;重复序列的长度则主要集中在12～20 bp,占72.79%;重复次数主要集中在5～10次,占74.14%。随机选取74对引物进行验证,最终获得18个具有多态性的微卫星标记。对31株铜藻个体进行检测和评价,共扩增得到43个等位基因,每个位点平均等位基因数为2.39,平均有效等位基因数为1.91,平均观测杂合度(H_o)为0.318,平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.449,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.365,在18个位点中有11个显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。开发的微卫星标记为后续铜藻多样性、起源和迁移等遗传学问题研究提供了有力支撑。